Articles et chapitres publiés en externe

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Adaptation, croissance et production des espèces agroforestières au Burundi : résultats préliminaires
(Cirad, 1990) Kaboneka, S et al.
Aloe and its Effects on Cancer : A Narrative Literature Review
(East African Health Research Journal | Volume 5, 2021) Manirakiza, Astère; Irakoze, Laurent; Manirakiza, Sebastien
Many years ago, Aloe Vera was cited to have a lot of therapeutic properties including; anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, skin protection, wound healing, and regulation of blood glucose and cholesterol. However, Aloe could present some side effects. This review focused on the latest discoveries regarding the therapeutic role of Aloe plant or its compounds on the acquired biological capabilities for tumour growth and progression namely; evading growth suppressor, avoiding immune destruction, enabling replicative immortality, tumour promoting inflammation, activating invasion and metastasis, inducing angiogenesis, genome instability and mutation, resisting cell death, deregulating cellular energetics and sustaining proliferating signalling. It clarified the anti-cancer activities it exerts on different types of cancer and also highlighted some pro-oncogenic pathways that can be disrupted by different compounds of Aloe.
Aménagement du territoire et impacts sur la gestion durable des écosystèmes forestiers en Afrique centrale
(CIRAD, 2024) Guizol, Philippe et al.
L’aménagement du territoire (AT), en général, est une politique qui tend à organiser les activités humaines sur un espace géographique défini, basé sur un objectif à long terme. Cette politique a pour but de renforcer la cohésion sociale de cet espace à différentes échelles. L’organisation du territoire définit à une échelle plus fine des zones, des sous-territoires et y affecte pour chacun des objectifs en cohérence avec l’objectif global de long terme de l’AT.
An Efficient Non-Linear Application Algorithm Predictive Model for a Multi Aircraft Landing Dynamic System AIRLADYS R2019A+
(Open Journal of Optimization, 2020) Nahayo, Fulgence; Khardi, Salah
The aim of this paper is to set up an efficient nonlinear application algorithm predictive model for a multi aircraft landing dynamic system called “Aircraft Landing Dynamic System, Release 2019A+ version “AIRLADYS R2019A+”. This programming software combines dynamic programming technic for mathematical computing and optimisation run under AMPL and KNITRO Solver. It uses also a descriptive programming technic for software design. The user interfaces designed in Glade are saved as XML, and by using the GtkBuilder GTK+ object these can be loaded by applications dynamically as needed. By using GtkBuilder, Glade XML files can be used in numerous programming languages including C, C++, C#, Java, Perl, Python, AMPL, etc. Glade is Free Software released under the GNU GPL License. By these tools, the solved problem is a mathematical modelization problem as a non-convex optimal control governed by ordinary non-linear differential equations. The dynamic programming technic is applied because it is a sufficiently high order and it does not require computation of the partial derivatives of the aircraft dynamic. This application will be coded with Linux system on 64 bit operating system, but it can also be run on the windows system. High running performances are obtained with results giving feasible trajectories with a robust optimizing of the objective function.
An Innovative Predictive Quantum Computer Modeling ;The Power of R2022A+ Cryptography Technology
(Contemporary Engineering Sciences, Vol. 16, 2023) Ndagijimana, P.; Shabani, J.; Nahayo, F.; Et al.
Due to the revolution of technology since the beginning of the 20th century, it is considerable to develop e cient tools on the quantum level in order to improve con dentiality and interoperability of data. The Quantum computer, with Quantum mechanics as its basic principle, still promises to bring great surprises even though we are at the beginning of its development. Quantum Computer is the only known model for computing that could o er exponential speedup classic computer. The current major challenges of the Quantum Computer include increasing or reducing the number of qubits for a given system, coherence management to preserve the properties of the superposition and entanglement state of a quantum system to perform data operation, of course through appropriate quantum algorithms. In this paper, we will give an overview of a quantum computer, will describe the evolution of cryptography and the theory related to computational performance, e ciency and predictive modeling of Quantum Computers. Prototype and Quantum simulation algorithm will be proposed to improve the life of new quantum universe.
Analyse de la biodiversité des invertébrés du sol du Parc National de la Rusizi et la Réserve Naturelle Forestière de Kigwena
(Bulletin Scientifique sur l’Environnement et la Biodiversité, 2021) Dushimirimana, S; Et al.
Cette étude concerne l’analyse de la biodiversité des invertébrés du sol du Parc National de la Rusizi et la Réserve Naturelle Forestière de Kigwena. L’échantillonnage des invertébrés du sol a été fait en utilisant la méthode de Lavelle & Spain (2001.Au total, 12 698 invertébrés du sol ont été capturés au niveau des localités de Kigwena et Rusizi. Ils ont été classés dans 13 ordres appartenant aux phylla des Arthropodes, des Mollusques et des Annélides. Pour le phylum des arthropodes, les résultats montrent que les Aranéides, les Blattoptères, les Coléoptères, les Hyménoptères, les Isoptères et les Diplopodes ont été trouvés à la fois dans la litière, le sol forestier et dans le sol agricole des deux localités soit 46,15 % des arthropodes trouvés. Le phylum des Mollusques occupe la deuxième position avec 3 ordres, soit 5,62 % de la biodiversité totale alors que les annélides sont seulement représentés par un seul ordre des Opisthopores représentant 2,37 % de la biodiversité totale. En comparant la part de chacune de ces localités dans la biodiversité globale, nous avons trouvé que la localité de Rusizi héberge significativement plus d’ordres que celle de Kigwena.
Analysis of Anthropogenic Disturbances of Green Spaces along an Urban–Rural Gradient of the City of Bujumbura (Burundi)
(Land, 2023) Kabanyegeye, Henri; Et al.
Bujumbura city has diversified but unevenly distributed green spaces. The typology and anthropogenic disturbances of these green spaces are still unknown. This study presents a typology of green spaces along the urban–rural gradient through a literature review. It assesses the presence of anthropogenic disturbances through inventories in 100m 100mgrids. Data reveal that Bujumbura’s green spaces are made up of green squares concentrated exclusively in urban areas, cemeteries present in peri-urban areas and sports green spaces observable all along the urbanization gradient. These green spaces are more exposed to trampling, which is more present in administrative entities with a peri-urban morphological status, as opposed to various constructions in administrative entities with an urban status. Finally, significative pairwise associations of anthropogenic disturbances were observed. The results show the need to protect these green spaces from all kinds of anthropogenic disturbances by raising the eco-responsible awareness of the population and the municipal authorities.
Appui à la redynamisation du secteur forestier et agroforestier du Burundi
(Cirad, 2006) Besse, François et al.
Le Burundi sort d'une situation de crise qui a duré plusieurs années et n'a pas ète sans conséquences pour le pays, ses habitants et ses ressources. Le ministère de l'aménagement du territoire, du tourisme et de l'environnement a sollicité le Cirad pour, dans le cadre de la relance du secteur forestier du Burundi, renforcer sa collaboration avec le CIRAD, l'UICN et le CIFOR, contribuer à l'identification des besoins pour la finalisation et la mise en oeuvre de la politique forestière en définissant les axes prioritaires d'intervention dans la gestion des ressources forestières et agroforestières et en renforçant la formation des agents et les filières bois et contribuer à la formulation de projets. Les échanges avec les services de l'État concernés, les institutions internationales, ainsi que les bailleurs de fonds ont permis de préciser les contextes politique et socio-économique, mais également agricole et environnemental reconnus par ces partenaires. L'analyse des programmes et projets de développement rural et environnementaux en cours ou engagés, ont permis de dégager les axes d'interventions principaux dans ces domaines : lutte contre la pauvreté, relance du secteur agricole, stratégie de coopération de l'Union européenne, réintégration des populations déplacées et réhabilitation des terres. Le Cadre stratégique de croissance et de lutte contre la pauvreté constitue le document de référence pour la politique agricole, environnementale et de développement rural pour le Burundi. Plusieurs tournées sur le terrain ont ete organisées par le m1n1stere, dans des zones de forêt naturelle (Parc de la Kibira) et de plantations forestières (Bukinanyana, Gakara, Vyanda). Des échanges avec des élus locaux ont permis de compléter les informations recueillies à Bujumbura sur la décentralisation et le rôle des autorités locales. La forêt de la Kibira a subi des dommages importants, mais les plantations ont été relativement peu affectées par les événements des dernières années. Les travaux sylvicoles n'ont pu être effectués et le volume de bois sur pied est important, voire très important. Les zones agricoles sont très sollicitées et l'occupation des sols dense. La pression démographique reste forte et l'espace disponible se restreint ; les pratiques d'élevage devront subir une évolution qui semble inéluctable. Des actions sont à mener à très court terme par le ministère. Le texte actuel de la Stratégie Nationale de lutte Contre la Pauvreté élude l'importance du bois énergie et des produits forestiers non ligneux. Il conviendrait de faire des propositions d'enrichissement du CSLP qui prennent également en compte les aspects aménagement du territoire et productions forestières, qui s'inscrivent dans la démarche de décentralisation engagée, et d'organiser un atelier de travail avec toutes les parties prenantes pour s'accorder sur une stratégie de mise en oeuvre de la politique forestière et définir les rôles, responsabilités et moyens pour chaque niveau institutionnel. La politique de décentralisation et la loi communale offrent un cadre institutionnel propice à la gestion des ressources forestières et environnementales. Les produits d'exploitation des plantations peuvent constituer un élément moteur pour l'autonomie financière des communes, tout en assurant aux services forestiers les moyens de développer une gestion des ressources forestières en partenariat avec les institutions et les populations locales. Des propositions de projets concrétisent ces recommandations.
Assessment of Knowledges, Attitudes, and Practices of Health Personnel with Regard to Hypertension During Pregnancy in Hospitals of Bujumbura
(Indian Journal of Clinical Cardiology, 2021) Ndirahisha et al.
Objective: To assess knowledges, attitudes, and practices of health personnel in Bujumbura hospitals with regard to hypertension during pregnancy. Methodology: This study has been conducted on health personnel of gynecology and obstetrics department of three national referral hospitals in Bujumbura. It is a descriptive cross-sectional study to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Data were collected by a questionnaire and analyzed by Epi Info 7.2. Results: In a total of ninety-seven health workers participated in our study and 78.3% were paramedics with 53.6% of nurses and 24.7% of midwives. Medical doctors represented 21.6% of the participants. The sex ratio was 1.4 in favor of women. The professional experience was more than 5 years for 64.9% of participants. Concerning knowledge about hypertension; 74.2% of participants correctly defined hypertension during pregnancy. Despite this, only 48.4% respected conditions about its measurement. concerning attitude toword hypertension; 94.8% of participants informed their patients about the risks linked to hypertension in pregnancy before any therapeutic strategy. The antihypertensive drugs contraindicated during pregnancy were known by 54.6% of participants. To prevent preeclampsia, low doses of aspirin and calcium were prescribed by 42.2% of participants. Conclusion: Hypertension during pregnancy is a worrying situation for health personnel, which still has many theoretical and practical gaps
Burundi: Building Democracy on an "Ethnically" Divided Society
(Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies, Volume 6 Issue 1, 2024-08) Sentamba, Elias
Pre-colonial Burundi was a homogeneous society: Burundians shared the same language, culture, religion, history, etc. and lived harmoniously on the same hills. This population was made up of a multitude of clans and Hutu, Tutsi, Ganwa and Twa social components of very secondary social importance. Even the monarchy reflected the various segments of such a nation. It was this harmony that Belgian colonisation definitively ruined, with the policy of divide et impera. By claiming that the Ganwa and the Tutsi were the superior races and the Hutu and Twa the inferior ones, a whole process of political and administrative manipulation ended up constructing a highly polemical ethnic identity, which fuelled the bloody conflicts of 1965, 1972, 1988, 1993-2000, etc. It was to put an end to this cycle of ethno-political violence that the Arusha Accords signed in 2000 instituted consociational democracy (on which the 2005 and 2018 constitutions were based), with ethnic quotas: 60% Hutu and 40% Tutsi for institutions such as the Government, parity of 50% for the Senate and the Defence and Security Bodies (Army and Police), etc. After showing how Belgian colonisation constructed these 'ethnic identities' and how this ethnicisation of society actually underpinned fratricidal wars, this paper analyses how democracy built on an 'ethnically' divided society still has its work cut out for it. While it seems to ensure the hoped-for appeasement in normal times, the demon of ethnic violence is no less resurgent in times of political mobilisation.
Burundi: Un Processus de Negociation Entre le Gouvernement et le Palipehutu-Fnl dans l'Impasse
(Journal of African Conflflicts and Peace Studies, 2008-09) Sentamba, Elias
Since 2005, President Nkurunziza has not kept his promise to conclude peace agreement with Palipehutu- FNL. Palipephutu has not given up its ethnist ideology since its foundation. Its fight for the hutu cause has not considered the political change since the Arusha peace agreement. This entailed many political errors which has discredited its paradigm. **Though CNDD-FDD is heading Burundian legitimate political institutions, it is still behaving as an underground movement: use of force to muzzle political opposition and internal dissidents instead of resorting to the rule of law. This illegitimacy is negatively influencing the forthcoming 2010 elections. ***These positions, so poles apart, greatly hindered the 2006 and 2007 peace agreements between the two belligerents. Is it possible to overcome this deadlock? Yes, on the condition that the two parties show their political will for peace. Henceforth, the South African mediation should devise the best way to power sharing.
Caractérisation phytoécologique des habitats de Dioscorea praehensilis Benth. (Dioscoreaceae) dans la zone sub-humide du Togo
(Bull. sci. Inst. natl. environ. conserv. nat. 13: 43-59, 2014-12) Wembou, E. P.; K. Tozo; A. Dansi; Y. A. Woegan, W. Atakpama, K. Batawila, K. Wala, K. Akpagana
This study aims at characterizing the phytosociology of D. praehensilis habitats and analyzing the regeneration potential of its population in the southwest of Togo. Floristic inventories within D. praehensilis plant community were carried out according to Braun-Blanquet. A total of 303 species belonging to 255 genera and 71 families were recorded. The most species rich families were Fabaceae. The flora is essentially Guinean and dominated by phanerophytes. On the basis of the plots that have been classified separately according to floristic composition using the Detrended Correspondance Analysis (DCA) method, six plant communities were identified as home gardens group of northern climatic region, home gardens group of southern climatic region, semi-deciduous moist forest group, riparian forest group, agroforests group, thickets group. Plant parameters varied from one group to another. Thus, species richness varies from 48 to 151 species, Shannon diversity index of 5.19 to 6.86 bits, Pielou evenness from 0.93 to 0.94 and the diversity of families is between 26 and 53 with a predominance of Fabaceae. The study showed that the natural habitats of D. praehensilis are threatened ecosystems; this is harmful for the long-term preservation of the species. Thanks to a high density of seedling regeneration, the forest clearly has significant potential for resilience. It would be important to undertake finer analyses on demographic parameters in order to detect forests patches which should be indicated for an in situ program of preservation.
Contribution à la détermination de la Valeur nutritive des aliments négligés au Burundi : Cas des popotes de bananier Igisubi
(Bulletin Scientifique sur l’Environnement et la Biodiversité, 2021) Nineza, Claire
Le bananier est la première culture en termes de volume de production ; il représente plus de 40 % de la production vivrière, au Burundi. La partie du bananier la plus consommée est son fruit communément comestible appelé banane ; elle constitue la base de la sécurité alimentaire de nombreuses populations burundaises. En outre, les fleurs du bananier sont consommées par certaines populations d’Asie et du Burundi. Cette étude a pour objectif de déterminer la valeur nutritive des popotes (ou fleurs) de bananier (Igisubi) afin d’évaluer son impact sur l’amélioration de la sécurité alimentaire au Burundi. Les résultats d’analyse ont révélé que les popotes de bananier sont parmi les légumes les plus riches en cellulose et en certains minéraux comme le potassium, le phosphore, le magnésium et le fer. Leur teneur en protéines, en calcium et en vitamine C est satisfaisante, par rapport aux autres légumes couramment consommés. Ainsi les popotes de bananier peuvent participer à l’amélioration de la sécurité alimentaire, en contribuant à la réduction de la malnutrition et dans la prévention des maladies liées aux carences en nutriments et micronutriments.
Diagnostic de l’effet lisière dans les paysages anthropisés du secteur Rwegura dans le Parc National de la Kibira, Burundi
(Bull. sci. Inst. natl. environ. conserv. nat. 13: 66-71, 2014-12) Niyukuri, Jonathan; Ndayishimiye , Joël; Nzigidahera, Benoît; Jan Bogaert; Habonimana, Bernadette
A study of the Kibira National Park was conducted to highlight the edge effects in some sites of the Rwegura sector, and to analyze the applied sample size and species diversity. Species accumulation curves were generated with EstimateS software version 7.5.2. For all sites, our results suggested that species diversity is higherin edge habitats compared to forest interior habitats. The accumulation curves showed a higher species diversity in the Mahoro 2 site. This diversity is potentially linked to perturbations which are clearly visible in situ. Nevertheless, the results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to a suboptimal sampling effort observed at all sites.
Distribution, Importance socioéconomique, Menaces et Risque de disparition d’Oxytenanthera abyssinica (A. Rich.) Munro (Umusunu, Poaceae) au Burundi
(Bulletin Scientifique sur l’Environnement et la Biodiversité, 2021) Nkengurutse, Jacques; Et al.
La présente étude vise la conservation durable d’Oxytenanthera abyssinica (Umusunu) au Burundi. Elle contribue à la cartographie de la zone de distribution géographique de l’espèce, évalue son importance socioéconomique, ses menaces et son risque de disparition au Burundi. L’étude a été effectuée par prospection de la zone de distribution de l’espèce en relevant les coordonnées géographiques de ses sites et par une enquête. Les résultats de l’étude révèlent la présence d’O. abyssinica dans le Parc National de la Ruvubu et dans 14 communes de quatre provinces (Cankuzo, Ruyigi, Rutana et Makamba) appartenant aux régions naturelles du Kumoso et du Buragane. L’enquête montre que l’espèce a une grande importance socioéconomique et écologique. Elle améliore la qualité du sol et est utilisée dans la construction des maisons et des clôtures, comme bois de chauffage et bois d’oeuvre. Dans l’artisanat, l’espèce est utilisée essentiellement pour la fabrication des paniers et des vans, des plafonds, des ruches ainsi que des portes, des greniers et des lits. L’espèce couvre une superficie estimée à 1 170 km2 et une occurrence de plus de 4 940 km2. Le défrichement cultural, les feux de brousse et la surexploitation constituent ses principales menaces. Toutefois, sa disparition n’est pas envisageable dans un proche avenir quoique le stock de cette ressource puisse s’épuiser. La présente étude la classe dans la catégorie Quasi menacée (NT). Pour garantir l’accès de la population à cette ressource d’importance incontournable et pour une conservation durable, nous proposons la domestication de l’espèce et une meilleure gouvernance de son stock.
Diversité et conservation des plantes ligneuses autochtones en paysage anthropisé: cas de la Zone Kabuye en Commune Matongo (Burundi)
(Bull. sci. Inst. natl. environ. conserv. nat. 13: 35-42, 2014-12) Masharabu, Tatien; Manirakiza Oscar; Ndayishimiye Joël; Bangirinama Frédéric; Havyarimana François
In order to elucidate the diversity of indigenous woody plants in an anthropogenic landscape, a study was conducted in Kabuye Zone located in Matongo Commune (Burundi), a Commune crossed by the Congo-Nile Crest. The Kabuye Zone is dominated in the West by a natural plant community, the Kibira National Park. The study is based mainly on botanical investigations and aims to sustain management of indigenous woody resources in agroecosystems. The floristic inventory reported 51 tree species distributed into 28 families, with a dominance of Dicots (94%). Eighteen families are monogeneric and monospecific. Leguminosae, Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae and Rubiaceae are each one represented by at least four species. The study also highlighted, according to local people, 12 indigenous tree species that are threatened even if there are not all listed on IUCN red list. It is therefore important to rethink strategies for conservation and protection of indigenous woody species in anthropenic landscape in order to ensure goods and services that they provide.
Diversité floristique et statut de conservation des espaces verts de la ville de Bujumbura (Burundi) = Floristic diversity and conservation status of species in green spaces in the city of Bujumbura (Burundi)
(Geo-Eco-Trop, 46, 1: 15-28, 2022) Kabanyegeye, Henri; Et al.
The alteration of green spaces resulting from the urbanization process has always attracted the curiosity of researchers. It is in this perspective that this study focused on the knowledge of the characteristic flora of green spaces in the city of Bujumbura (Burundi). The results revealed that it consists of 127 species belonging to 109 genera and 53 families. The families of the Euphorbiaceae (7.1%), of the Fabaceae (7.1%), of the Arecaceae (6.3%), of the Poaceae (5.5%), of the Araceae (3.9%) and of the Malvaceae (3.9%) are the most represented and add up, at them only, more than one third (33.9%) of the total number of species listed. They are essentially dominated by introduced species at a level of 74.0%. Two species (Lantana camara and Spathodea campanulata) are qualified as invasive. It is necessary to take measures to conserve urban biodiversity in order to avoid the homogenization of urban vegetation to the benefit of introduced species.
Dominance d’Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera, Apoïdea) dans les écosystèmes naturels et les agro-écosystèmes du Burundi : risque d’érosion de la faune des abeilles sauvage
(Bull. sci. Inst. natl. environ. conserv. nat. 13: 72-83, 2014-12) Ndayikeza, Longin; Nzigidahera, Benoît; Mpawenimana, Alexis & Théodore, Munyuli
A faunistic survey of bees visiting flowering plants found in natural and in agroecosystem landscapes found across the different eco-climatic zones of Burundi conducted during November-June 2010 and November-June 2011 periods. Results highlighted a high dominance of honeybees (Apis mellifera) as compared to wild species. In addition, honeybees visited a diversity of flowering plants in different ecosystems studied. The abundantly dominance of honeybees of both local flora and fauna biodiversity was checked through conducting an analysis of its polylectism status.
Effet de Pennisetum sp. enrichi au broyat de noyaux d’avocats sur le rendement des souches de Pleurotus ostreatus (2125, 2153 et 969)
(Bull. sci. Inst. natl. environ. conserv. nat. 13: 60-65, 2014-12) Manirakiza, E.; Bigawa, S.; Ndayishimiye, J.
In order to contribute to the recovering of organic waste, we collected the crushed kernels of avocado to investigate their combined effects with Pennisetum on different strains of Pleurotus ostreatus. The strains used in this study consist of Pleurotus ostreatus (2125, 969 and 2153). The results of this study showed that Pleurotus ostreatus 2125, 969 and 2153 grown on the substrate consisted of crushed kernels of avocado give a higher yield (yield between 28 and 30%) than that obtained if they were grown on substrate consisted of Pennisetum only (yield between 18 and 20%). The best performance is obtained, however, with Pleurotus ostreatus 2125, 969 and 2153 grown on the substrate consisted of Pennisetum supplemented with crushed kernels of avocado at 30% (yield between 33 and 38%) and 40% (performance ranging between 34 and 36%).
Etat des lieux des populations de Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii (Primates: Hominidae) et analyse de leurs atouts touristiques dans les Réserves Naturelles et Paysages Protégés du sud du Burundi
(Bull. sci. Inst. natl. environ. conserv. nat. 13 : 1-12, 2014-12) Armandine, Michels; Nzigidahera, Benoît; Fourbisseur, Anne
This study gives a situation of chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes of the south of Burundi in the Forest Natural Reserve of Vyanda, Protected Landscapes of Mukungu/Rukambasi and Mabanda/Nyanza-Lac. A current situation has been established during 14 weeks of field from September to December 2013. During this work, the transects and tracks have been done in order to better know the habitats of chimpanzees and their main threats. Their specific behavior in these areas in terms of nesting, feeding or choice of sites of residence as well as their number have been our investigations subject. This work also gives a list of proposals which shows the primary purpose for improving the condition of this species in danger of extinction but also to put in place a program of reconciliation between the populations of chimpanzees and the local human populations living in the villages bordering on these protected areas.

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