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Le dépôt numérique grenier du savoir du Burundi est une collection de documents scientifiques produits par les chercheurs de l'Université du Burundi, y compris des mémoires, des thèses, des revues, des articles, des rapports techniques, etc. Il s'agit du dépôt institutionnel officiel de l'Université du Burundi
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Impact de l’accumulation en certains métaux lourds (cuivre, zinc et plomb) dans les amarantes irriguées de la ville de Bujumbura
(UB, EANSI, 2025-08) Niyomutoni, Astérie; Sous la direction de : Pr. Dr. Ir Niyukuri Jonathan
Heavy metals, such as mercury, chromium, cadmium, arsenic, and lead, are toxic elements that accumulate in the food chain, harming living organisms even at low concentrations. In the city of Bujumbura, the use of wastewater to irrigate amaranth plots leads to contamination, which can cause illness among consumers. The overall objective of this study is to assess heavy metal contamination in amaranth cultivated in Bujumbura, by analyzing the concentration levels of these contaminants. The study was conducted in four areas of Bujumbura City Hall such as Buterere, Buyenzi, Musaga where amaranth farmers use wastewater for irrigation, and a control site at the Mutanga campus using tap water. The heavy metals analyzed include Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd. This study highlights the impact of irrigation water on crop contamination. Data collection began with the preparation of control fields in the MUTANGA campus greenhouse, followed by the collection of amaranth leaves in the four study areas, including the control site. Samples of 500 g of amaranth leaves were collected in triplicate. Mineral element analysis was performed using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry at ISABU, and data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20 software. Physicochemical analysis shows that heavy metal levels vary depending on the growing site and the quality of the irrigation water used. The levels ranged from Mutanga to Cu=4.55 mg/kg, Pb=9.83 mg/kg, Zn=38.96 mg/kg, and Cd≤0.1 mg/kg, respectively, for Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd in the control samples; 7.42mg/kg, Pb=11.66mg/kg, Zn=67.68mg/kg, Cd≤0.1mg/kg respectively for Cu,Pb, Zn and Cd for samples from Buyenzi; 5.60mg/kg, Pb=11.42mg/kg, Zn=80.91mg/kg respectively for Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd for samples from Buterere and Cd≤0.1mg/kg and Cu=6.75mg/kg, Pb=14.42mg/kg, Zn=61.00mg/kg and Cd≤0.1mg/kg respectively for Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd for samples from Musaga. These results highlight the impact of irrigation water on heavy metal contamination. The sampling sites exhibited higher levels of heavy metal contamination
compared to the MUTANGA control site, due to the quality of the irrigation water.
Etude comparative de la papaïne et de la Bromélaïne comme coagulants alternatifs pour la transformation des produits laitiers : Cas du fromage du type Gouda
(UB, EANSI, 2025-07) Ngabirano, Elie; Sous la direction : Pr Nzigamasabo Aloys
Proteins are essential nutritionally, economically, and sociocultural, and are especially present in ruminant milk, whose processing into cheese allows for better preservation. Rennet, a coagulating enzyme extracted from the stomachs of young ruminants, mainly milk-fed calves, is most often used in cheese processing, making it expensive and limited in availability.
The study demonstrates that papain and bromelain can coagulate cow's milk, with variable results depending on the quantity used, and the processed cheeses retain their organoleptic qualities for 9 months of ripening and more. FP1 cheese, coagulated with 1 g of papaya leaves, did not form a curd, while at 3 g, an adequate curd formed. FA2 cheese, made with 40 ml of pineapple juice, was rated higher in taste, odor, and color than the one coagulated with 3 g of papaya leaves. A low dose of enzymes is recommended to preserve the organoleptic quality of the cheese. Although papain has superior proteolytic activity, bromelain is preferred for its sensory qualities. This study represents the first investigation into the production of Gouda cheese using natural coagulants, although challenges remain regarding enzyme extraction and the texture of the final product.
Microbiological analysis reveals the absence of harmful staphylococci and coliforms, but a high presence of lactic acid flora and slight contamination by yeasts and molds. Ripening conditions influence microbial growth.
Evaluation des connaissances et des pratiques des mères en matière d’alimentation des nourrissons en milieu rural cas de l’ancienne commune Makebuko
(UB, EANSI, 2025-11) Mahoro, Cynthia; Sous la direction de : Pr Dr Hélène Bukuru; Dr Jean Claude Nkurunziza MD, MPH
Introduction : The WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months, followed by appropriate complementary feeding while continuing breastfeeding up to the age of 2 years and beyond. This period, known as the first 1,000 days, is critical for a child’s health, growth, and cognitive development. However, inappropriate infant feeding practices persist, contributing to malnutrition. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing mothers' knowledge and practices regarding the feeding of children aged 0 to 24 months in rural areas of Burundi.
Methodology : A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among households in the commune of Makebuko, located in the Kibuye health district, from March 15 to April 15, 2025. The sample included 156 mothers of children aged 0 to 24 months who met the inclusion criteria, selected through systematic sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered via KoboCollect. Descriptives, bivariates, and multivariates analyses were performed using Stata version 15.1. The association between the dependent variable and its determining factors was measured using the Odds Ratio with a 95% confidence interval. Variables with a p-value < 0.20 in the bivariate analysis were included in the multivariate model, with a significance threshold set at p < 0.05.
Results : Multivariate analysis showed that illiteracy (p=0.021), lack of antenatal care (ANC) attendance (p=0.001), and child’s age between 12 and 24 months (p=0.001) were significantly associated with poor maternal knowledge regarding infant feeding. Regarding feeding practices, several factors were associated with unfavorable outcomes: maternal marital status (p=0,07) ; (p=0,030) ; (p=0,002), parity (p=0.030), education level (p=0.039), socioeconomic status (p=0,005) ; (p<0,001), religion (p=0,012) ; (p=0,026), and child’s sex (p = 0.011).
Conclusion : Our study highlighted modifiable factors associated with poor maternal knowledge and practices regarding the feeding of children aged 0 to 24 months in households in the commune of Makebuko. These findings help identify key areas for intervention to improve infant feeding in rural areas of Burundi.
La cafétaria diététique (Association pour le Développement de la Médecine Naturelle) et la Coopérative Diététique "Abarindiriye» : La Médecine Traditionnelle en résilience.
(UB, FLSH, 2025-12) Niyonkuru, Emile; Sous la direction de : Dre. Christella Kwizera
This study analyzes the factors behind the resilience of traditional medicine. It highlights its contributions in social, cultural, and economic aspects. Individual and collective efforts are currently working to preserve knowledge and practices related to traditional medicine. Natural medicine is valued for its healing principles, affordability, and lack of side effects compared to modern medicine.
The study also explores anthropological and sociological aspects of disease and health—areas such as medical anthropology and ethnomedicine—emphasizing that understanding illness requires insights into broader social and cultural perceptions (like how illness and health are viewed as social constructs). These elements are essential for guiding professional training and experiences, especially during epidemics or health crises that impact various aspects of life.
Analytically, the research focuses on a sociological approach, considering disease causes (etiology) and globalization's effects to better prevent illnesses. Healing is seen as a secondary step when preventive measures fail.
Additionally, the relationship between health and nutrition is emphasized—health strongly depends on proper nutrition. Historical and current trends also play a key role.
In conclusion, the study addresses health, environmental issues, and the influence of socio-cultural, economic, political, and social changes.
L’impact de la crise politico-institutionnelle de 2015 sur la coopération internationale au développement entre le Burundi et l'union européenne
(UB, FSPJ, 2025-08) Butoyi, Josias; Sous la direction de : Pr. Désire Louis Nizigiyimana
The 2015 political and institutional crisis in Burundi, triggered by the challenge to President Pierre Nkurunziza to run for a third term, profoundly disrupted the country's relations with its international partners, particularly the European Union. The period from 2015 to 2020 was marked by a major political crisis. This led the European Union to suspend part of its direct aid to the Burundian government in March 2016, in accordance with Article 96 of the Cotonou Agreement, due to non-compliance with fundamental principles such as democracy, human rights, and good governance.
This thesis focuses on the following question: How did the 2015 political and institutional crisis in Burundi affect development cooperation with the European Union through sanctions and the suspension of aid? The results show that the crisis led to a suspension of European Union budget support under Article 96 of the Cotonou Agreement, causing a contraction in the external resources needed to implement public policies.
This situation has hampered the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. The Burundian government has adopted a defiant stance, rejecting Western interference and seeking to strengthen its political and economic autonomy by diversifying its partnerships, particularly with China, Russia, and certain African countries.