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Le dépôt numérique grenier du savoir du Burundi est une collection de documents scientifiques produits par les chercheurs de l'Université du Burundi, y compris des mémoires, des thèses, des revues, des articles, des rapports techniques, etc. Il s'agit du dépôt institutionnel officiel de l'Université du Burundi
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Evaluation de l’hétérogénéité culturale et régionale de l’impact économique du changement climatique au Burundi
(UB - FSEG, 2025-11) Mfisumukiza, Elysée; Sous la direction du : Directeur : Pr. Ndayitwayeko Willy Marcel; Co-directeur : Pr. Ndoricimpa Arcade
The empirical literature on the relationship between climate change, agriculture, and the economy in Burundi does not address how the economic impacts of climate change vary across agricultural crops and agro-climatic regions. This thesis aims to assess the heterogeneity of the economic impacts of climate change on the eight main crops across Burundi’s agro-climatic regions. Three specific objectives contribute to this aim: (i) Assess past and future climate change in Burundi; (ii) Estimate, in each region, the effect of climate on crop choice and on the net revenue of the chosen crop; (iii) Simulate the impacts of future climate change on crop choice and net crop revenue for each agro-climatic region. Climate change was measured by comparing the reference climate (1991–2019) with the past (1975–1990) and with GCM projections for 2021–2040 and 2041–2060. The multinomial logit model using the quasi-experimental IV-2SRI approach was estimated to determine the effect of climate on crop choice, while the Structural Ricardian Model using the quasi-experimental IV-2SLS approach was used to estimate the effect of climate on the net revenue of the chosen crop. These models determine net revenue under the reference climate and simulate net revenue under climate projections; the difference between these two net revenues represents the economic impact of climate change.
The results show that in 2021–2040, Burundi will experience a warming of 1.15–1.18 °C, reaching 2.09–2.81 °C in 2041–2060. This warming, accompanied by a slight increase in precipitation and controlling for other socioeconomic variables, will modify crop choices: maize will remain dominant, while rice, beans, and sweet potatoes will be less frequently chosen, especially in warmer regions. Climate change will reduce the revenue of beans, rice, and bananas in the Imbo Plain, Central Plateau, and Northern/Eastern Depressions, but will increase the revenue of cassava and cassava-bean systems in cooler regions (Mumirwa, Congo-Nile Ridge). At the national level, cassava (+0.85 to +10.93%), cassava-bean (+4.78 to +5.92%), and sweet potatoes will be more resilient, while rice (-23.85 to -5.0%) and bananas will be more vulnerable. The Central Plateau (-6.1 to -4.07%) and the Imbo Plain (-14.08 to -1.01%) will be vulnerable, while the initially humid regions will be more resilient. These results suggest, on the one hand, the need for adaptation strategies targeted to specific crops and regions, and on the other hand, mitigation activities and programs to slow down climate change.
The Revival of the Burundian “Traditional” Medicine: Between Ancestral Heritage and Entrepreneurship
(International Journal of Scientific and Management Research, Volume 8 Issue 11, 2025-11) Havyarimana, Aminadab; Et. al
In Burundi, 90% of the population use traditional medicine (TM) as an alternative to modern medicine (MM). This practice is currently growing significantly, with a clear rise in demand for its products and services. So far, no research has been done to explore this renewed interest or its causes. This article examines the revival of this traditional medical system, which demonstrates entrepreneurial traits. Data were gathered through ethnographic methods, including semi-structured interviews with 30 traditional healers, 10 TM product users, and 5 health system staff, as well as participant and non-participant observation. The results show that TM is an ancient practice in Burundi, and its use is linked to internal factors. The resurgence of Burundian TM also follows years of underground activity, after the country’s contact with modernity. The practice of TM contributes to improving the health and socio-economic well-being of the population and should be regulated to ensure its safety and efficacy.
Essai d’amélioration de la teneur en phosphore des composts produits par co-compostage des pailles de riz et d’adjuvants organiques avec les phosphates naturels de Matongo
(UB, FS, 2025-01) Igiraneza, Fulgence; Sous la direction de : Dr. Rucakumugufi Daniel (Directeur); Prof. Kaboneka Salvator (Co-Directeur)
The improvement of phosphorus availability in agricultural soils is a major challenge for soil fertility and the optimization of crop yields. However, the use of Matongo natural’s phosphates is limited due to their low solubility. This thesis presents a study on enhancing the phosphorus content of composts obtained through the co-composting of tithonia diversifolia and rice straw with various organic additives, including pig manure, poultry droppings, and cow dung, in combination with Matongo phosphates.
The main objective of this research is to optimize the valorization of agricultural waste while increasing soil fertility through phosphorus-enriched composts. Initially, an analysis of the physicochemical characteristics of raw materials was conducted to determine their composting potential. Then, several compost formulations were developed, varying the types of input combinations. The resulting composts were subjected to maturation tests and phosphorus content analysis. The results recorded for the control compost samples: E450, E591, and E603 were respectively: 1.05±0.120% P₂O₅; 0.88±0.042% P₂O₅; and 0.69±0.245% P₂O₅. Meanwhile, the composts enriched with Matongo phosphates (E101, E205, E308, E708, and E805) showed the following phosphorus content: 3.56±0.035% P₂O₅, 2.99±0.071% P₂O₅, 3.42±0.081% P₂O₅, 3.12±0.056% P₂O₅, and 3.14±0.070% P₂O₅, respectively.
The results indicate that adding Matongo phosphates, in combination with organic additives, significantly increases the phosphorus content of the composts. Physicochemical parameter analyses, heavy metal assessments, and phytotoxicity tests were conducted on the produced composts to evaluate their stability and maturity. Except for lead (Pb) content, which exceeds the quality standards for compost intended for fertilization, all other tested parameters comply with the established quality standards for high-quality compost. Among the tested additives, the cow dung adjuvant proved to be a better phosphate solubilizer than the two others adjuvants tested.
This study contributes to the valorization of agricultural residues and the sustainable management of resources while addressing the growing need for phosphorus-rich organic fertilizers in agriculture. The findings of this research open up promising perspectives for the development of innovative and sustainable composting practices.
Analyse intégrée de la chaine de valeur de la filière riz de la plaine de l’Imbo
(UB, FSEA, 2025-12) Nizigiyimana, Alexis; Sous la direction du : Directeur : Dr. Dismas MANIRAKIZA; Co-Directeur : Dr. Ir. Patrice NDIMANYA
Rice is the primary cereal for human consumption, serving as the staple food for nearly 50% of the global population. In Africa, the demand for rice has significantly increased, largely due to urbanization, leading to a greater reliance on imports. In Burundi, although irrigated rice cultivation was introduced in the Imbo plain to enhance food security, national production remains insufficient to meet this growing demand, resulting in substantial imports.
The rice sector in Burundi is crucial for household incomes, yet it faces several challenges, such as high input costs and limited access to resources. In this context, the study aims to analyze the value chain of the rice sector by assessing the average net income generated by each actor and examining his or her interactions.
To achieve these objectives, a survey was conducted with 96 actors selected using the "snowball" method, including 41 rice farmers, 20 millers, 15 wholesalers, 10 retailers, and 10 consumers. Data collection was carried out using the KoBoCollect application, followed by data cleaning and coding. The results were analyzed using EXCEL and SPSS software, allowing the research questions to be addressed.
The findings indicate that the average net income generated by the actors varies significantly according to their specific roles. Producers report an average net income of 5,628,973 F per season, while millers generate 838,785 F. Wholesalers, on the other hand, show an average net income of 7,880,534 F, surpassing that of retailers, who earn 3,878,370 F.
Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis reveals that fluctuations in rice prices are significantly influenced by production costs and climatic conditions. Other variables, such as consumer demand and government policies, did not exhibit significant effects.
Finally, the study highlights several challenges faced by the actors in the chain, including high input costs and limited access to these resources. Concerns related to the quality of raw rice and equipment costs are also identified. Commercialization is hindered by transportation difficulties and price fluctuations, while price volatility and income constraints represent significant obstacles for consumers.
Analyse de la qualité de l’eau des étangs piscicoles de la plaine de l’Imbo : Cas de Bujumbura
(UB, IPA, 2026-01) Nkurunziza, Hermès; Sous la direction de : Dr Nkurunziza Rémy Marie
Pond aquaculture in Burundi is expanding through government initiatives and national and international projects aimed at enhancing food security and rural development. To support the planning of sustainable management strategies for fish ponds in the Imbo Plain, a water quality study was conducted on two ponds located at RUKARAMU (site 1) and MINEAGRIE (site 2). Samples were collected in July 2025 at a depth of 30–40 cm and analyzed at the laboratory of the ISABU. Thirteen physico-chemical parameters were investigated: temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, DO, nutrients (nitrates, phosphates), major ions (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, F⁻), alkalinity, Kjeldahl nitrogen, minor elements (Fe, Mn), total hardness, and heavy metals (Pb, Cd) and transparency.
The results indicate that most parameters comply with recommended standards for tropical aquaculture. Nitrate concentrations are within acceptable limits (0.1–1 mg/l), whereas phosphate levels are slightly elevated (0.05–0.07 mg/l), suggesting a potential risk of eutrophication. Dissolved oxygen is largely sufficient at site 1 (7.56–9.23 mg/l), exceeding the minimum recommended threshold of 5 mg/l, while site 2 shows poor values (2.03–2.18 mg O₂/l), with a mean difference of 6.58 mg O₂/l between the two sites, indicating significant stress associated with a high organic load. Electrical conductivity is markedly higher at site 2 than at site 1, with a mean difference of 556.33 μS/cm, although remaining within the recommended range (100–2000 μS/cm). TDS (285–312 mg/l) and total hardness (252–291 mg/l as CaCO₃) exceed recommended values for tropical fish ponds (80–200 mg/l and 50–150 mg/l, respectively). Iron (3.0–3.2 mg/l) and manganese (0.2–0.4 mg/l) are elevated at site 1, whereas they remain within acceptable limits at site 2 (Fe 0.20–0.25 mg/l; Mn 0 mg/l). Cluster analysis (dendrogram) reveals homogeneous water quality at site 1 and heterogeneous conditions at site 2, as confirmed by Stiff and Schoeller diagrams, indicating stable mineralization at site 1 and critical nitrate and sulfate concentrations at site 2.
The results show that both ponds have aquaculture potential, but with distinct constraints. Site 1 is weakly mineralized and characterized by elevated iron and manganese concentrations, requiring close monitoring and corrective management measures. In contrast, Site 2 has harder, better-buffered, and chemically more stable water, making it overall more suitable for sustainable aquaculture, despite low dissolved oxygen levels that can be corrected through appropriate management practices.