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Le dépôt numérique grenier du savoir du Burundi est une collection de documents scientifiques produits par les chercheurs de l'Université du Burundi, y compris des mémoires, des thèses, des revues, des articles, des rapports techniques, etc. Il s'agit du dépôt institutionnel officiel de l'Université du Burundi
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De l’effectivité de la responsabilité de protéger les populations : une norme controversée diversement appliquée en Afrique des grands lacs
(UB, Ecole doctorale, 2024-10) Mbirigi, Ferdinand; Sous la direction de : Prof. Rafâa Ben Achour; Prof. Pascal Niyonizigiye
Despite the United Nations consecration of the “responsibility to protect populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity”, hereafter designed R2P, followed by the setting up of relevant instruments and mechanisms for eradicating these crimes in the member states of the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region, some of the said states have been and remain the scene of mass atrocities. Meanwhile, discussions on the R2P legal scope have fueled controversies among diplomats and scholars. After analyzing several documentary resources including legal instruments, judicial decisions, official documents, and scholarly works, we hold that R2P is in fine a kind of container gathering several well-established conventional and customary norms. We also hold that implementing this relatively autonomous norm in the Great Lakes Region of Africa, like in other parts of the world, depends on its debtors' political will, interests and power balance.
Impact of integrating an intelligent solar tracker associated with a battery management system to optimize photovoltaic efficiency in Burundi
(UB, Ecole doctorale, 2026-03) Icoyitungiye, Olivier
This work is part of efforts to optimize photovoltaic systems in Burundi, a country located in the equatorial zone and characterized by highly variable solar radiation due to cloud cover, humidity, and the inability to fully charge batteries during periods of low radiation on rainy period. Most photovoltaic installations are fixed, which leads to significant energy losses since the sun's rays are rarely perpendicular to the surface of the solar panel throughout the day. This work aims to develop an intelligent solar tracker capable of automatically orienting solar panels according to the position of the sun and irradiation conditions, while integrating an intelligent battery charge and discharge management system to optimize the use of the energy produced. The device is based on an active orientation approach using two photo resistor light sensors arranged in a cross configuration, generating control signals for a servomotor that provides azimuth movement. At the same time, the date and time read by a DS3231 Real Time Clock module are used to control a second servomotor for East-West orientation, ensuring greater accuracy even in variable irradiation conditions. The control and command element is an Arduino UNO microcontroller. The first step in the work is to analyze the optimal tilt of fixed solar panels in Burundi based on meteorological data from PVGIS 5.2 for the year 2020. Using linear regression modeling via the R method in SPSS, the optimal tilt angle for fixed solar panels varies between 13° and 15.8°, offering an energy gain of around 20% compared to the uniform 30° tilt commonly used on house roofs. The work combines a hybrid MPPT algorithm combining Perturb & Observer (P&O) and fuzzy logic controller. Next, a battery charge and discharge management mechanism algorithm was implemented on an Arduino UNO microcontroller, which also controls the internal temperature measured by a DHT11 sensor. The work Includes modeling, mechanical design, and complete programming of the system using MATLAB 2020a, Proteus 8.13, Arduino IDE1.8.13, and SolidWorks 2023 software. The simulations carried out confirmed the consistency and reliability of the experimental results. The performance obtained shows significant energy gains of 29% to 41% Increase in production for the single-axis solar tracker and 42% to 50% for the dual-axis tracker, compared to a fixed solar panel. We observed a 67% energy gain in servomotor consumption. The device developed represents a major technological advance for autonomous, robust, and high-performance solar installations.
Contribution à l’étude de la composition nutritionnelle des poissons du lac Tanganyika. Cas de Luciolates stappersii et Trematocara marginatum
(UB, FABI, 2025-02) Niyoyankunze, Augustin; Sous la direction de : Pr Dr Ir Niyukuri Jonathan
Fish is one of the food products with high nutritional value. The low consumption of fish from Lake Tanganyika is due to its high cost as well as its nutritional composition, which is still unknown or less known. It is with this in mind that this study was conducted to analyze the nutritional composition of Luciolates stappersii and Trematocara marginatum, two species of fish endemic to Lake Tanganyika. For this, a survey was conducted in the provinces of Rumonge and Makamba and then various physicochemical analyses were carried out including the extraction of lipids in the chemistry laboratory of the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Burundi and the analysis of fatty acids in the laboratory of soils and agri-food products of the Institute of Agronomic Sciences of Burundi. The mineral contents were determined in the laboratory of the International Livestock Research Institute in Kenya. From the results found, 95% of the fish consumed comes directly from Lake Tanganyika, the most used fish processing techniques are smoking (36%) and drying (31%); Luciolates stappersii is the second most consumed fish (22.73%) after Stolothrissa tanganicae (46.4%). Lipid analyses have proven that Luciolates stappersii and Trematocara marginatum have average contents of 12.81% and 15.31%, and have water contents of 74.11±2.06%And70.01±1.44% respectively. It was also found quite a few fatty acids, the most important of which are the polyunsaturated fatty acids omega 3 (ω-3) and omega 6 (ω-6) of great therapeutic utility such as linoleic acid (ω-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (ω-3) and eicosatetraenoic acid or arachidonic acid (ω-6) with respective average contents of 6.68±0.27%, 5.53±0.31%, 7.82±0.06% for Luciolates stappersii and 6.43±0.34%, 5.65±0.30% and 7.73±0.44% for Trematocara marginatum. Different mineral elements were analyzed including phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sodium, calcium, iron, zinc and were found respectively in proportions (in mg/kg) varying from 16,102±558.51 to 23,657±1084.26, 1056±100.50 to 1283±88.66, 9109±168.86 to 9697±1023.79, 2117±191.44 to 3180±145.37, 23,937±162.23 to 29,217±1709.12, 73.7±2.76 to 98±1.67, 30.9±1.92 to 57±3.12 in Luciolates stappersii, while they vary respectively from 31100±91.85 to 40998±503.22, 1689±84.45 to 1802±94.94, 5878±81.18 to 7188±461.50, 2168±217.40 to 3606±357.42, 42528±491.06 to 52488±462.41, 694±44.24 to 767±37.36, 91±19.97 to 172±16.37 in Trematocara marginatum. Thus, the present study allowed us to elucidate a great socioeconomic and nutritional importance of these two species of fish.
Projet d'alimentation en eau potable en milieu rural : cas du réseau Nyamure II en Commune Rutana de la Province Rutana
(UB, ITS, 2015-04) Ndayitwayeko, Clovis; Manirakiza, Jean -Jean; Sous la direction du : Ir Donatien Nduwimana
L'eau est en général un élément indispensable pour tous les êtres vivants et l'eau potable est particulièrement importante pour tous les êtres humains. Le but du projet était de faire l'étude afin de satisfaire la population en eau potable des collines Nyakabuye, Kirambi, Nyamure ainsi que les collectivités à savoir l'Ecole Primaire Nyamure , Ecole Fondamentale Nyamure et le centre de santé Nyamure . Le réseau du projet a une longueur de 7544,7m et prend source kakabindi II (colline Nyakabuye) à une altitude de 11860 m, élevée par rapport à tous les points qu'on va servir; l'écoulement sera gravitaire.
Dans notre projet, nous avons:
• 1 Chambre de départ
• 3 Chambres de vanne et de répartition
• 2 Chambre de purge et 3chambre de ventouse
• 4 Réservoirs de 10m3
• 1 Réservoirs de 15 m3
• 1 Réservoirs de 20 m3
• 9 Bornes fontaines
Le dimensionnement et les calculs hydrauliques nous ont permis d'utiliser les conduites en PVC de diamètre 50 et 40.Le coût global du projet est estimé à cent soixante deux millions trois cent vingt milles cinq vingt six francs burundais (162 320 526Fbu)
Enfin, nous laissons notre projet de fin d'études à la portée de tout chercheur qui désire contribuer ou s'en servir pour d'autres projets similaires.
Etude d'alimentation en eau potable d'un quartier résidensiel moyen stading de Gahaga
(UB, ITS, 2012-01) Ndikumana, Gérard; Nzoyihera, Thérence; Sous la direction de : Ir Daniel Ngendakuriyo