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Le dépôt numérique grenier du savoir du Burundi est une collection de documents scientifiques produits par les chercheurs de l'Université du Burundi, y compris des mémoires, des thèses, des revues, des articles, des rapports techniques, etc. Il s'agit du dépôt institutionnel officiel de l'Université du Burundi
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Essai d’amélioration de la teneur en phosphore des composts produits par co-compostage des pailles de riz et d’adjuvants organiques avec les phosphates naturels de Matongo
(UB, FS, 2025-01) Igiraneza, Fulgence; Sous la direction de : Dr. Rucakumugufi Daniel (Directeur); Prof. Kaboneka Salvator (Co-Directeur)
The improvement of phosphorus availability in agricultural soils is a major challenge for soil fertility and the optimization of crop yields. However, the use of Matongo natural’s phosphates is limited due to their low solubility. This thesis presents a study on enhancing the phosphorus content of composts obtained through the co-composting of tithonia diversifolia and rice straw with various organic additives, including pig manure, poultry droppings, and cow dung, in combination with Matongo phosphates.
The main objective of this research is to optimize the valorization of agricultural waste while increasing soil fertility through phosphorus-enriched composts. Initially, an analysis of the physicochemical characteristics of raw materials was conducted to determine their composting potential. Then, several compost formulations were developed, varying the types of input combinations. The resulting composts were subjected to maturation tests and phosphorus content analysis. The results recorded for the control compost samples: E450, E591, and E603 were respectively: 1.05±0.120% P₂O₅; 0.88±0.042% P₂O₅; and 0.69±0.245% P₂O₅. Meanwhile, the composts enriched with Matongo phosphates (E101, E205, E308, E708, and E805) showed the following phosphorus content: 3.56±0.035% P₂O₅, 2.99±0.071% P₂O₅, 3.42±0.081% P₂O₅, 3.12±0.056% P₂O₅, and 3.14±0.070% P₂O₅, respectively.
The results indicate that adding Matongo phosphates, in combination with organic additives, significantly increases the phosphorus content of the composts. Physicochemical parameter analyses, heavy metal assessments, and phytotoxicity tests were conducted on the produced composts to evaluate their stability and maturity. Except for lead (Pb) content, which exceeds the quality standards for compost intended for fertilization, all other tested parameters comply with the established quality standards for high-quality compost. Among the tested additives, the cow dung adjuvant proved to be a better phosphate solubilizer than the two others adjuvants tested.
This study contributes to the valorization of agricultural residues and the sustainable management of resources while addressing the growing need for phosphorus-rich organic fertilizers in agriculture. The findings of this research open up promising perspectives for the development of innovative and sustainable composting practices.
Analyse intégrée de la chaine de valeur de la filière riz de la plaine de l’Imbo
(UB, FSEA, 2025-12) Nizigiyimana, Alexis; Sous la direction du : Directeur : Dr. Dismas MANIRAKIZA; Co-Directeur : Dr. Ir. Patrice NDIMANYA
Rice is the primary cereal for human consumption, serving as the staple food for nearly 50% of the global population. In Africa, the demand for rice has significantly increased, largely due to urbanization, leading to a greater reliance on imports. In Burundi, although irrigated rice cultivation was introduced in the Imbo plain to enhance food security, national production remains insufficient to meet this growing demand, resulting in substantial imports.
The rice sector in Burundi is crucial for household incomes, yet it faces several challenges, such as high input costs and limited access to resources. In this context, the study aims to analyze the value chain of the rice sector by assessing the average net income generated by each actor and examining his or her interactions.
To achieve these objectives, a survey was conducted with 96 actors selected using the "snowball" method, including 41 rice farmers, 20 millers, 15 wholesalers, 10 retailers, and 10 consumers. Data collection was carried out using the KoBoCollect application, followed by data cleaning and coding. The results were analyzed using EXCEL and SPSS software, allowing the research questions to be addressed.
The findings indicate that the average net income generated by the actors varies significantly according to their specific roles. Producers report an average net income of 5,628,973 F per season, while millers generate 838,785 F. Wholesalers, on the other hand, show an average net income of 7,880,534 F, surpassing that of retailers, who earn 3,878,370 F.
Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis reveals that fluctuations in rice prices are significantly influenced by production costs and climatic conditions. Other variables, such as consumer demand and government policies, did not exhibit significant effects.
Finally, the study highlights several challenges faced by the actors in the chain, including high input costs and limited access to these resources. Concerns related to the quality of raw rice and equipment costs are also identified. Commercialization is hindered by transportation difficulties and price fluctuations, while price volatility and income constraints represent significant obstacles for consumers.
Analyse de la qualité de l’eau des étangs piscicoles de la plaine de l’Imbo : Cas de Bujumbura
(UB, IPA, 2026-01) Nkurunziza, Hermès; Sous la direction de : Dr Nkurunziza Rémy Marie
Pond aquaculture in Burundi is expanding through government initiatives and national and international projects aimed at enhancing food security and rural development. To support the planning of sustainable management strategies for fish ponds in the Imbo Plain, a water quality study was conducted on two ponds located at RUKARAMU (site 1) and MINEAGRIE (site 2). Samples were collected in July 2025 at a depth of 30–40 cm and analyzed at the laboratory of the ISABU. Thirteen physico-chemical parameters were investigated: temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, DO, nutrients (nitrates, phosphates), major ions (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, F⁻), alkalinity, Kjeldahl nitrogen, minor elements (Fe, Mn), total hardness, and heavy metals (Pb, Cd) and transparency.
The results indicate that most parameters comply with recommended standards for tropical aquaculture. Nitrate concentrations are within acceptable limits (0.1–1 mg/l), whereas phosphate levels are slightly elevated (0.05–0.07 mg/l), suggesting a potential risk of eutrophication. Dissolved oxygen is largely sufficient at site 1 (7.56–9.23 mg/l), exceeding the minimum recommended threshold of 5 mg/l, while site 2 shows poor values (2.03–2.18 mg O₂/l), with a mean difference of 6.58 mg O₂/l between the two sites, indicating significant stress associated with a high organic load. Electrical conductivity is markedly higher at site 2 than at site 1, with a mean difference of 556.33 μS/cm, although remaining within the recommended range (100–2000 μS/cm). TDS (285–312 mg/l) and total hardness (252–291 mg/l as CaCO₃) exceed recommended values for tropical fish ponds (80–200 mg/l and 50–150 mg/l, respectively). Iron (3.0–3.2 mg/l) and manganese (0.2–0.4 mg/l) are elevated at site 1, whereas they remain within acceptable limits at site 2 (Fe 0.20–0.25 mg/l; Mn 0 mg/l). Cluster analysis (dendrogram) reveals homogeneous water quality at site 1 and heterogeneous conditions at site 2, as confirmed by Stiff and Schoeller diagrams, indicating stable mineralization at site 1 and critical nitrate and sulfate concentrations at site 2.
The results show that both ponds have aquaculture potential, but with distinct constraints. Site 1 is weakly mineralized and characterized by elevated iron and manganese concentrations, requiring close monitoring and corrective management measures. In contrast, Site 2 has harder, better-buffered, and chemically more stable water, making it overall more suitable for sustainable aquaculture, despite low dissolved oxygen levels that can be corrected through appropriate management practices.
Mobilisation communautaire des femmes rurales burundaises dans la lutte contre le paludisme : entre dynamiques sociales locales et efficacité des stratégies de prévention. Cas de la commune Busoni
(UB, FLSH, 2025-12) Niyonkuru, Blandine; Sous la direction de : Dr. Aloys TOYI
This work explores the community mobilization of burundian rural women in the fight against malaria. The context is one of a major public health issue, characterized by a high prevalence of malaria, particularly in rural areas where access to health care and preventive measures is limited. Women play a crucial role in managing family and community health, yet their mobilization remains insufficiently exploited within prevention strategies. This study aims to analyze how women’s participation influences the effectiveness of local malaria control strategies, based on a qualitative approach conducted in Kirundo Province. It examines forms of social interaction, community organization, as well as local, social, cultural, and economic dynamics that facilitate or hinder their engagement.
The main findings indicate that women’s mobilization, via social networks, community groups, and intra-familial interactions, has a positive impact on the adoption of preventive behaviors and community awareness. Communication and community solidarity reinforce their role in prevention, thereby contributing to increased resilience against the disease. However, sociocultural barriers, such as gender norms, still limit their access to resources. The thesis concludes that strengthening women’s participation in this fight is crucial and proposes actionable pathways for their empowerment and increased involvement. It also emphasizes that this approach can enhance the efficiency of prevention strategies in rural settings, by valorizing women as agents of change within their communities.
Analyse des effets de seuil de l’aide publique au développement sur la croissance économique en Afrique (1996-2022)
(UB, FSEA, 2025-06) Nduwimana, Jean Paul; Sous la direction du : Pr. Arcade Ndoricimpa
The objective of this study is to analyze the threshold effects of official development assistance (ODA) on economic growth in African countries, categorizing them into two groups: low-income countries and middle-income countries. To achieve this, the study relies on data from the World Development Indicators (WDI), Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI), and Penn World Table (PWT) covering the period from 1996 to 2022. It employs a panel threshold regression model (PTR) to determine, using the "Bootstrap" method, the threshold level of aid below which its effectiveness is manifested. The results of this analysis strongly support the idea that the relationship between aid and growth in Africa is non-linear, with a threshold of 23.07% of GDP. Beyond this threshold, aid becomes ineffective in stimulating growth, all else being equal. Furthermore, for low-income African countries, the ODA threshold is set at 31.33% of GDP, below which the effect on economic growth is positive, while above this, this effect becomes ineffective. For middle-income African countries, this threshold for official development assistance is 10.12% of GDP, below which ODA promotes growth, and beyond which its effect proves ineffective. After accounting for endogeneity using 2SLS and SGMM methods, the results suggest that the volume of ODA can be accumulated up to 23.07% of GDP in Africa; 31.33% of GDP for low-income countries and 10.12% of GDP for middle-income countries. These values represent the levels of ODA that should not be exceeded to ensure its effectiveness on economic growth.