Articles et chapitres publiés en externe
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Item Burundi l'artisanat créateur(ACCT, 1982) Anquetil, JacquesItem Histoire rurale de l’Afrique des grands lacs : Guide de recherches(UB, le Centre de Recherches africaines (Paris : 1), 1985) Chrétien, J.PItem Adaptation, croissance et production des espèces agroforestières au Burundi : résultats préliminaires(Cirad, 1990) Kaboneka, S et al.Item L'agroforesterie au Burundi(Cirad, 1991) Besse, F.; Guizol, Ph.; De ligne, AnneItem Comparaison entre la gestion forestière au Burundi et en aquitaine : Quels Enseignements peut-on en tirer ?(CIRAD-FORET, 1996) Ndikumagenge, Cléto; Sous la direction de : Mr Didier MULLERItem Appui à la redynamisation du secteur forestier et agroforestier du Burundi(Cirad, 2006) Besse, François et al.Le Burundi sort d'une situation de crise qui a duré plusieurs années et n'a pas ète sans conséquences pour le pays, ses habitants et ses ressources. Le ministère de l'aménagement du territoire, du tourisme et de l'environnement a sollicité le Cirad pour, dans le cadre de la relance du secteur forestier du Burundi, renforcer sa collaboration avec le CIRAD, l'UICN et le CIFOR, contribuer à l'identification des besoins pour la finalisation et la mise en oeuvre de la politique forestière en définissant les axes prioritaires d'intervention dans la gestion des ressources forestières et agroforestières et en renforçant la formation des agents et les filières bois et contribuer à la formulation de projets. Les échanges avec les services de l'État concernés, les institutions internationales, ainsi que les bailleurs de fonds ont permis de préciser les contextes politique et socio-économique, mais également agricole et environnemental reconnus par ces partenaires. L'analyse des programmes et projets de développement rural et environnementaux en cours ou engagés, ont permis de dégager les axes d'interventions principaux dans ces domaines : lutte contre la pauvreté, relance du secteur agricole, stratégie de coopération de l'Union européenne, réintégration des populations déplacées et réhabilitation des terres. Le Cadre stratégique de croissance et de lutte contre la pauvreté constitue le document de référence pour la politique agricole, environnementale et de développement rural pour le Burundi. Plusieurs tournées sur le terrain ont ete organisées par le m1n1stere, dans des zones de forêt naturelle (Parc de la Kibira) et de plantations forestières (Bukinanyana, Gakara, Vyanda). Des échanges avec des élus locaux ont permis de compléter les informations recueillies à Bujumbura sur la décentralisation et le rôle des autorités locales. La forêt de la Kibira a subi des dommages importants, mais les plantations ont été relativement peu affectées par les événements des dernières années. Les travaux sylvicoles n'ont pu être effectués et le volume de bois sur pied est important, voire très important. Les zones agricoles sont très sollicitées et l'occupation des sols dense. La pression démographique reste forte et l'espace disponible se restreint ; les pratiques d'élevage devront subir une évolution qui semble inéluctable. Des actions sont à mener à très court terme par le ministère. Le texte actuel de la Stratégie Nationale de lutte Contre la Pauvreté élude l'importance du bois énergie et des produits forestiers non ligneux. Il conviendrait de faire des propositions d'enrichissement du CSLP qui prennent également en compte les aspects aménagement du territoire et productions forestières, qui s'inscrivent dans la démarche de décentralisation engagée, et d'organiser un atelier de travail avec toutes les parties prenantes pour s'accorder sur une stratégie de mise en oeuvre de la politique forestière et définir les rôles, responsabilités et moyens pour chaque niveau institutionnel. La politique de décentralisation et la loi communale offrent un cadre institutionnel propice à la gestion des ressources forestières et environnementales. Les produits d'exploitation des plantations peuvent constituer un élément moteur pour l'autonomie financière des communes, tout en assurant aux services forestiers les moyens de développer une gestion des ressources forestières en partenariat avec les institutions et les populations locales. Des propositions de projets concrétisent ces recommandations.Item Burundi: Un Processus de Negociation Entre le Gouvernement et le Palipehutu-Fnl dans l'Impasse(Journal of African Conflflicts and Peace Studies, 2008-09) Sentamba, EliasSince 2005, President Nkurunziza has not kept his promise to conclude peace agreement with Palipehutu- FNL. Palipephutu has not given up its ethnist ideology since its foundation. Its fight for the hutu cause has not considered the political change since the Arusha peace agreement. This entailed many political errors which has discredited its paradigm. **Though CNDD-FDD is heading Burundian legitimate political institutions, it is still behaving as an underground movement: use of force to muzzle political opposition and internal dissidents instead of resorting to the rule of law. This illegitimacy is negatively influencing the forthcoming 2010 elections. ***These positions, so poles apart, greatly hindered the 2006 and 2007 peace agreements between the two belligerents. Is it possible to overcome this deadlock? Yes, on the condition that the two parties show their political will for peace. Henceforth, the South African mediation should devise the best way to power sharing.Item Réduction du bruit de deux avions commerciaux en approche par une technique de commande optimale(Researchgate, 2010) Nahayo, Fulgence; Khardi, Salah; Hamadiche, Mahmoud; Et al.L’objectif de ce travail est le d´eveloppement d’un mod`ele d’optimisation acoustique de trajectoires de vol minimisant les bruits per¸cus au sol pour deux avions. Il s’agit de minimiser le bruit tenant compte des contraintes de vol. La dynamique de vol, associ´ee au crit`ere `a minimiser g´en`ere un probl`eme de commande optimale r´egi par des ´equations diff´erentielles ordiniaires non-lin´eaires. Le probl`eme est resolu `a l’aide d’une m´ethode newtonienne consid´erant les conditions d’optimalit´e de Karush-Kuhn-Tucker et une m´ethode SQP. Les r´esultats obtenus montrent des r´eductions significatives des niveaux de bruit. En fonction de la distance s´eparant les deux avions en vol, la trajectoire optimale d’approche est obtenue.Item The Trust Region Sequential Quadratic Programming method applied to two-aircraft acoustic optimal control problem(Research Gate, 2011) Khardi, S. ; F. Nahayo; M. HaddouThis paper aims to reduce noise levels of two-aircraft landing simultaneously on approach. Constraints related to stability, performance and ight safety are taken into account. The problem of optimal control is described and solved by a Sequential Quadratic Programming numerical method 'SQP' when globalized by the trust region method. By using a merit function, a sequential quadratic programming method associated with global trust regions bypasses the non-convex problem. This method used a nonlinear interior point trust region optimization solver under AMPL. Among several possible solutions, it is shown that there is an optimal trajectory leading to a reduction of noise levels on approach.Item Two-Aircraft Dynamic System on Approach. Flight Path and Noise Optimization(Applied Mathematical Sciences, 2012) Nahayo, F.; Khardi, S.; Haddou, M.The aim of this paper is to present and to solve a mathematical model of two-aircraft optimal control problem reducing noise during the approach. This is a non-convex optimal control problem governed by ordinary non-linear differential equations. A Symplectic Partitioned Runge-Kutta discretization and the Pontryaguin maximum principle are used. Discretization scheme provides a sufficiently high order requiring a computation of the partial derivatives of the aircraft dynamic parameters. The nonlinear interior point trust region optimization solver is applied. Numerical experiments and results are presented. They confirm the feasible optimized trajectories contributing to a significant noise reduction.Item Two-Aircraft optimal control problem. The in-flight noise reduction(ResearchGate, 2012) Nahayo, Fulgence; Khardi, Salah; Haddou,Mounir; Et al.The aim of this paper is to present and solve a mathematical model of a two-aircraft optimal control problem reducing the noise on the ground during the approach. The mathematical modelization of this problem is a non-convex optimal control governed by ordinary non-linear differential equations. To solve this problem, A direct method and a Runge-Kutta RK4 discretization schema are used. This discretization schema is chosed because it is a sufficiently high order and it does-not require computation of the partial derivatives of the aircraft dynamic. The Nonlinear Interior point Trust Region Optimization solver KNITRO is applied. A large set of numerical experiments is presented. The obtained results give feasible trajectories with a significant noise reduction.Item Two-Aircraft Dynamic System on Approach. Flight Path and noise Optimization(ResearchGate, 2012) Nahayo, Fulgence; Khardi, Salah; Haddou, MounirThe aim of this paper is to present and to solve a mathematical model of two-aircraft optimal control problem reducing noise during the approach. This is a non-convex optimal control problem governed by ordinary non-linear differential equations. A Symplectic Partitioned Runge-Kutta discretization and the Pontryaguin maximum principle are used. Discretization scheme provides a sufficiently high order requiring a computation of the partial derivatives of the aircraft dynamic parameters. The nonlinear interior point trust region optimization solver is applied. Numerical experiments and results are presented. They confirm the feasible optimized trajectories contributing to a significant noise reduction.Item Diversité et conservation des plantes ligneuses autochtones en paysage anthropisé: cas de la Zone Kabuye en Commune Matongo (Burundi)(Bull. sci. Inst. natl. environ. conserv. nat. 13: 35-42, 2014-12) Masharabu, Tatien; Manirakiza Oscar; Ndayishimiye Joël; Bangirinama Frédéric; Havyarimana FrançoisIn order to elucidate the diversity of indigenous woody plants in an anthropogenic landscape, a study was conducted in Kabuye Zone located in Matongo Commune (Burundi), a Commune crossed by the Congo-Nile Crest. The Kabuye Zone is dominated in the West by a natural plant community, the Kibira National Park. The study is based mainly on botanical investigations and aims to sustain management of indigenous woody resources in agroecosystems. The floristic inventory reported 51 tree species distributed into 28 families, with a dominance of Dicots (94%). Eighteen families are monogeneric and monospecific. Leguminosae, Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae and Rubiaceae are each one represented by at least four species. The study also highlighted, according to local people, 12 indigenous tree species that are threatened even if there are not all listed on IUCN red list. It is therefore important to rethink strategies for conservation and protection of indigenous woody species in anthropenic landscape in order to ensure goods and services that they provide.Item Etude des facteurs influençant la visite des oiseaux dans les champs de riz(Bull. sci. Inst. natl. environ. conserv. nat. 13: 28-34, 2014-12) Nasasagare, Régine Pacis; Ntakimazi, Gaspard; Libois, RolandThis study was conducted in order to show pest bird species on rice in Burundi. An exhaustive ornithologic inventory was done in 45 fields in the plain of Rusizi and 30 in Ngozi fields were randomly chosen and classified in 3 categories for Rusizi plain (2 for Ngozi): fully guarded plots, partially guarded plots and not guarded plots. There were no fields partially guarded for Ngozi. Resultats revealed a list of bird species that have a real impact on rice production in Burundi. The current study also allowed to put in evidence factors of the motivation of their visitItem Implication de la femme rurale dans la gestion des ressources naturelles: cas des communes Kabarore et Rutegama(Bull. sci. Inst. natl. environ. conserv. nat. 13: 13-27, 2014-12) Nusura, Hassan; Ngendakumana, Pierre ClaverEnvironment protection has become in Burundi a critical issue that requires the active participation of rural communities. We conducted a research to analyze one of the most important aspects of the rural community participation in natural resource management, i.e. gender balanced involvement, particularly women participation and roles. Data collection methods included interviews, field observations and a survey based on a sample of 60 households from intervention sites of the project "Good Governance of Natural Resources" in Kabarore and Rutegama Communes. We found that women behavior in relation to natural resources is undergoing changes. All the women in our sample recycle and / or reuse the materials generated by their household activities. They also contribute to protect natural resources through agro-pastoral activities, socio-cultural and institutional networks. Our results also highlight the complementarity and the need for coordination between the actions of men and those of women.Item Etat des lieux des populations de Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii (Primates: Hominidae) et analyse de leurs atouts touristiques dans les Réserves Naturelles et Paysages Protégés du sud du Burundi(Bull. sci. Inst. natl. environ. conserv. nat. 13 : 1-12, 2014-12) Armandine, Michels; Nzigidahera, Benoît; Fourbisseur, AnneThis study gives a situation of chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes of the south of Burundi in the Forest Natural Reserve of Vyanda, Protected Landscapes of Mukungu/Rukambasi and Mabanda/Nyanza-Lac. A current situation has been established during 14 weeks of field from September to December 2013. During this work, the transects and tracks have been done in order to better know the habitats of chimpanzees and their main threats. Their specific behavior in these areas in terms of nesting, feeding or choice of sites of residence as well as their number have been our investigations subject. This work also gives a list of proposals which shows the primary purpose for improving the condition of this species in danger of extinction but also to put in place a program of reconciliation between the populations of chimpanzees and the local human populations living in the villages bordering on these protected areas.Item Caractérisation phytoécologique des habitats de Dioscorea praehensilis Benth. (Dioscoreaceae) dans la zone sub-humide du Togo(Bull. sci. Inst. natl. environ. conserv. nat. 13: 43-59, 2014-12) Wembou, E. P.; K. Tozo; A. Dansi; Y. A. Woegan, W. Atakpama, K. Batawila, K. Wala, K. AkpaganaThis study aims at characterizing the phytosociology of D. praehensilis habitats and analyzing the regeneration potential of its population in the southwest of Togo. Floristic inventories within D. praehensilis plant community were carried out according to Braun-Blanquet. A total of 303 species belonging to 255 genera and 71 families were recorded. The most species rich families were Fabaceae. The flora is essentially Guinean and dominated by phanerophytes. On the basis of the plots that have been classified separately according to floristic composition using the Detrended Correspondance Analysis (DCA) method, six plant communities were identified as home gardens group of northern climatic region, home gardens group of southern climatic region, semi-deciduous moist forest group, riparian forest group, agroforests group, thickets group. Plant parameters varied from one group to another. Thus, species richness varies from 48 to 151 species, Shannon diversity index of 5.19 to 6.86 bits, Pielou evenness from 0.93 to 0.94 and the diversity of families is between 26 and 53 with a predominance of Fabaceae. The study showed that the natural habitats of D. praehensilis are threatened ecosystems; this is harmful for the long-term preservation of the species. Thanks to a high density of seedling regeneration, the forest clearly has significant potential for resilience. It would be important to undertake finer analyses on demographic parameters in order to detect forests patches which should be indicated for an in situ program of preservation.Item Effet de Pennisetum sp. enrichi au broyat de noyaux d’avocats sur le rendement des souches de Pleurotus ostreatus (2125, 2153 et 969)(Bull. sci. Inst. natl. environ. conserv. nat. 13: 60-65, 2014-12) Manirakiza, E.; Bigawa, S.; Ndayishimiye, J.In order to contribute to the recovering of organic waste, we collected the crushed kernels of avocado to investigate their combined effects with Pennisetum on different strains of Pleurotus ostreatus. The strains used in this study consist of Pleurotus ostreatus (2125, 969 and 2153). The results of this study showed that Pleurotus ostreatus 2125, 969 and 2153 grown on the substrate consisted of crushed kernels of avocado give a higher yield (yield between 28 and 30%) than that obtained if they were grown on substrate consisted of Pennisetum only (yield between 18 and 20%). The best performance is obtained, however, with Pleurotus ostreatus 2125, 969 and 2153 grown on the substrate consisted of Pennisetum supplemented with crushed kernels of avocado at 30% (yield between 33 and 38%) and 40% (performance ranging between 34 and 36%).Item Diagnostic de l’effet lisière dans les paysages anthropisés du secteur Rwegura dans le Parc National de la Kibira, Burundi(Bull. sci. Inst. natl. environ. conserv. nat. 13: 66-71, 2014-12) Niyukuri, Jonathan; Ndayishimiye , Joël; Nzigidahera, Benoît; Jan Bogaert; Habonimana, BernadetteA study of the Kibira National Park was conducted to highlight the edge effects in some sites of the Rwegura sector, and to analyze the applied sample size and species diversity. Species accumulation curves were generated with EstimateS software version 7.5.2. For all sites, our results suggested that species diversity is higherin edge habitats compared to forest interior habitats. The accumulation curves showed a higher species diversity in the Mahoro 2 site. This diversity is potentially linked to perturbations which are clearly visible in situ. Nevertheless, the results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to a suboptimal sampling effort observed at all sites.Item Dominance d’Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera, Apoïdea) dans les écosystèmes naturels et les agro-écosystèmes du Burundi : risque d’érosion de la faune des abeilles sauvage(Bull. sci. Inst. natl. environ. conserv. nat. 13: 72-83, 2014-12) Ndayikeza, Longin; Nzigidahera, Benoît; Mpawenimana, Alexis & Théodore, MunyuliA faunistic survey of bees visiting flowering plants found in natural and in agroecosystem landscapes found across the different eco-climatic zones of Burundi conducted during November-June 2010 and November-June 2011 periods. Results highlighted a high dominance of honeybees (Apis mellifera) as compared to wild species. In addition, honeybees visited a diversity of flowering plants in different ecosystems studied. The abundantly dominance of honeybees of both local flora and fauna biodiversity was checked through conducting an analysis of its polylectism status.