Détermination de la valeur fertilisante de quelques fumiers organiques appliqués au Burundi
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Date
2025-10
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Publisher
UB, FS
Abstract
Declining soil fertility in Burundi, compounded by acidity and the scarcity of mineral inputs, requires the use of organic fertilizers. This study evaluates the agronomic value of five livestock manures (goat, rabbit, pig, chicken, and cow) analyzed at the LACHISTE laboratory of the University of Burundi. The parameters studied include dry and organic matter, pH, electrical conductivity, N, P, and K contents, C/N ratio, crude fiber, and fertilizer equivalent coefficient (CEE).
The results reveal that chicken manure has a pH of 8.03 ± 0.05, a high dry matter (81.11 ± 0.01%) and organic matter (44.93 ± 0.02%) content, as well as a high nitrogen (1.93 ± 0.01%) and potassium (1.72 ± 0.00%) concentration. These characteristics make it a particularly effective amendment. Rabbit manure, with a pH of 10.51 ± 0.05 and an electrical conductivity of 4.36 ± 1.7 mS/cm, can, however, reduce the effectiveness of nitrogen inputs through ammonia volatilization and disrupt the soil's biological balance. All the manures analyzed have a C/N ratio between 10 and 13, indicating good mineralization, particularly rapid in the case of pig manure. Cow manure stands out for its phosphorus content (0.63 ± 0.01%), while goat manure offers a more balanced profile but is generally less nutrient-rich.
Correlation analysis highlights a positive relationship between pH and electrical conductivity: an increase in pH leads to an increase in salinity. Furthermore, organic matter, carbon, and nitrogen are strongly correlated with each other, while crude fiber is inversely associated with mineral matter.
Overall, chicken manure appears to be the most complete, rich in nitrogen, potassium, and organic matter, with the highest CEE (2.276). Cow manure stands out for its high content of available phosphorus (total CEE = 2.016). Pig manure has a good NPK balance (total CEE = 1.784), suitable for various crops. Goat and rabbit manures, which are less concentrated in fertilizing elements (total CEE of 1.196 and 0.640 respectively), have more limited agronomic value but remain useful as amendments to improve soil structure. Comparative application to corn and tomato confirms that chicken manure covers nutrient requirements with moderate doses (13–16 t/ha for corn, 15–20 t/ha for tomato). Pig and cow manures appear to be good alternatives (23–28 t/ha for corn, while goat and rabbit manures require a mineral supplement.
Description
Mémoire Présenté en vue d'obtention du diplôme de Master en Sciences Chimiques Spécialité : Contrôle et Analyses Chimiques