Evaluation de l’état nutritionnel des patients diabétiques âgés de 15 ans et plus suivis dans les hôpitaux de Bujumbura

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a major non-communicable chronic disease with a steadily increasing global prevalence. Nutrition plays a critical role in diabetes management; however, evidence on the nutritional status of patients with diabetes and its determinants remains limited, particularly in low-resource settings. This study aims to assess the nutritional status of diabetic patients aged 15 years and older receiving care in hospitals in Bujumbura and to identify associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in six tertiary referral hospitals in Bujumbura. The study included 384 diabetic patients aged 15 years and older, recruited through consecutive sampling. The primary outcome was nutritional status assessed using Body Mass Index (BMI), calculated from weight and height. Malnutrition was defined as a BMI. Data analysis was performed using STATA 17. Results: The average age of diabetic patients was 52 ± 10.5 years. The prevalence of inadequate nutritional status was 52% (95% CI: 47.0–57.0). Multivariate analysis identified factors associated with nutritional status. These included age (40–59 years: ORa = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.05–0.60; p = 0.006), secondary education (ORa= 0.10; 95% CI: 0.03–0.34; p < 0.001) and university education (ORa = 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.12; p < 0.001), primary occupation (self-employed: ORa = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.15–4.27; p = 0.017), fruit consumption frequency (3–4 times per week: ORa = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.20–1.09; p = 0.010; daily consumption: ORa = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.05–0.41; p = 0.001), daily vegetable consumption (ORa = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.05–0.41; p < 0.001), adding sugar to beverages (ORa = 3.48; 95% CI: 1.68–7.19; p = 0.001), receiving nutritional counseling (ORa = 0.03; 95% CI: 0.004–0.259; p = 0.001), engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity (ORa = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.18–0.77; p = 0.008), and frequency of alcohol consumption (1–4 days per week: ORa = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.09–0.49; p < 0.001) Conclusion: This study highlights the high prevalence of malnutrition among diabetic patients in Bujumbura. Nutritional status is shaped by socioeconomic, clinical, and behavioral factors. These findings underscore the need to strengthen nutritional interventions for diabetic patients and promote healthy lifestyles.