Analyse des effets socio-économiques de la culture du maïs dans les ménages ruraux de Kigamba

Abstract

In Burundi, agriculture is a primary activity for the rural population, providing them with food, employment, and a primary source of income. In our study, entitled "Analysis of the Socioeconomic Impacts of Maize Cultivation in Rural Households in the Kigamba Commune," the primary data comes from a survey conducted among 96 farming households in Kigamba commune, Cankuzo province, in August and September 2025. The general objective of this study is to identify the socio-economic effects of maize cultivation on Kigamba households and to understand its effects on the well-being of farmers. Specifically, we analyzed the income generated by maize cultivation for rural households in Kigamba, which leads to an improvement in their standard of living and allows them to invest in other economic activities; the jobs created by the practice of maize cultivation for members of the community and thus contributing to the source of income for rural households; identify the contribution of maize cultivation to the well-being of rural households in Kigamba. For this purpose, primary data collection was carried out from 96 heads of households who practice cultivation in the Kigamba commune. The econometric analysis of the data was carried out through the comparison of means tests (Student test, ANOVA and Bonferroni test), the chi-square test and a multiple linear model. In addition, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used in the classification of respondents according to their characteristics. And in our study area, the analysis of the results on access to agricultural credit in the study area shows that the majority of households (62.10%) do not have access to agricultural credit compared to 37.90% who do. This lack of access to agricultural credit has an influence on maize production due to financial insufficiency. Maize production is small in quantity and is often used for family consumption and little quantity is intended for sale to substitute other goods. The results of the data show that 70.50% of households self-consume maize production compared to 29.50% who sell it. In the study area, 40% of households are very satisfied with the income from maize cultivation, 27.40% are satisfied, 12.60% are moderately satisfied compared to 20% who are not satisfied.