Mugisha, AugustinDirecteur de Thèse : Dr Alice Ndayishimiye2026-05-282026-05-282023-11https://repository.ub.edu.bi/handle/123456789/2319Thèse présenté et soutenu publiquement en vue de l'obtention du grade de Docteur en MédecineToxoplasmosis is a cosmopolitan anthropozoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii. It is a disease of medical, sanitary and economic concem affecting a great number of species of animaIs (domestic and wild) and birds. Toxoplasmosis is primarily a human and sheep disease which definitive host (felines among which the cat) excretes an spreads the oocysts through the feces. The seriousness of toxoplasmosis for pregnant wom'en and immunodepressed people shows the importance of the prophylaxis. The toxoplasmosis has been the subject of many studies in France and in America. In Burundi, few studies have been carried out on this disease, hence the seroprevalence at national level still remains unknown. The aim of this study carried out at LN.S.P was to assess the prevalence of toxoplasmosis during the period from 2011 to 2015 to find out if the toxoplasmosis' seroprevalence diagnosed in the INSP vary yearly for the population diagnosed in general for women of childbearing age in particular and finally if the risk of contamination for women of childbearing age (seroconversion) is high. This study showed that of 6754 patients registered, seroprevalence oftoxoplasmosis was 16,44%. Evaluation of toxoplasmosis seroprevalence was also conducted in 6278 women of childbearing age during the period of study and was 16, 23%. Those prevalences varied yearly during the period of study. The study also showed that there is no relationship between age of women of childbearing age and the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis. Women being not immunized against toxoplasmosis estimated at 3, 04% in our work represent the population with the highest risk for Toxoplasma gondii infection. Non-hygienic habits could enhance contamination by ingestion of oocysts during childhood or teenage