Harimenshi, EzéchielSous la direction de : Dre Christella Kwizera2025-12-292025-12-292025-07https://repository.ub.edu.bi/handle/123456789/2163Mémoire présenté et défendu publiquement en vue de l’obtention du Diplôme de Master en Socio-AnthropologieBurundi is one of the African countries where the majority of the population is Christian. Burundi’s rapid population growth, coupled with limited resources and socio-economic challenges, makes birth control crucial for many families. However, the adoption of modern contraception in Protestant communities remains controversial, due to tensions between religious teachings and social realities. This thesis explores the ambivalences surrounding the use of modern contraception in managing the galloping demography within Protestant families, using the Pentecostal Church and the United Methodist Church as case studies. Religious beliefs influence the decision-making of Protestant families in terms of family planning, while analyzing the repercussions on the management of population growth in Burundi. Some churches view modern contraception as a tool for responsible family management, others view it as a transgression of religious principles, particularly regarding procreation and divine will. This ambivalence reflects a broader tension between religious tradition and the challenges imposed by modernity and galloping demography. The data consist of 27 interviews. They were collected in the Mukaza commune from followers of the Pentecostal and United Methodist churches. The qualitative analysis shows that perceptions, practices and ambivalences towards modern contraception in these two churches vary from one person to another.fr